基于抗差Kalman滤波的航空发动机测试数据预处理技术

针对使用标准Kalman滤波算法不能准确处理包含粗差的航空发动机测试数据的问题,在分析标准Kalman滤波算法准则和观测误差对滤波估计结果影响的基础上,采用动态调整观测信息在滤波估计结果中权重的方法,给出了基于抗差M估计理论的抗差Kalman滤波准则和递推公式。对不同的发动机测试数据分别采取序列滤波的方法,减少了运算量。基于常加速度模型,建立了测量参数的状态空间方程和测量方程。以包含粗差的某型涡扇发动机稳定工作过程的模拟测量数据为例,采用所设计的抗差Kalman滤波器对其进行预处理,与标准Kalman滤波算法处理的结果对比表明,在模型误差一定的情况下,抗差Kalman滤波算法具有更好的估计精度。     

船舶静态电场跟踪的渐进更新扩展卡尔曼滤波器

为了实现利用船舶静态电场对船舶进行跟踪的目的,针对传统卡尔曼滤波算法中存在的问题,设计一种新的非线性滤波器。建立船舶的状态空间模型,分析传统卡尔曼滤波算法在船舶跟踪中存在的问题;依据渐进贝叶斯思想,利用连续白噪声与离散白噪声序列噪声协方差之间的关系,设计一种新的渐进更新扩展卡尔曼滤波器。仿真结果表明,该滤波器能有效地抑制由于初始误差较大而造成的滤波性能下降和滤波发散,能够有效地跟踪船舶,具有较高的实用价值。     

Butterworth低通滤波器的舰载RLG PINS初始对准精度分析

系泊状态下,用Butterworth低通滤波器解决舰载RLG PINS初始对准中杆臂效应问题时,对准的精度受安装误差、杆臂长度和舰船摇摆等因素的影响。通过仿真分析,认为Butterworth低通滤波器适于解决风浪干扰下的舰载平台系统初始对准中的杆臂效应问题,且安装误差、安装位置是影响对准精度的主要因素,提高系统标定精度,并尽量使系统安装在船体对称面内,可以提高对准精度。     

卫星活动部件的干扰辨识与抑制

采用干扰辨识的方法实现带活动部件三轴稳定卫星的高精度姿态控制问题.首先以扫描镜为例进行,分析扫描镜运动对卫星产生的等效干扰力矩;然后根据卫星控制系统的稳态输出数据,采用特征系统实现算法对扫描运动产生的干扰频率进行闭环辨识;最后在所辨识干扰频率的基础上,采用偶极子干扰抑制滤波器消除扫描镜运动干扰对卫星姿态的影响.仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能有效地克服活动部件运动产生的未知干扰对卫星姿态稳定度的影响,提高在轨运行卫星的姿态控制精度.     

Determination of burn‐in parameters and residual life for highly reliable products

Today, many products are designed and manufactured to function for a long period of time before they fail. Determining product reliability is a great challenge to manufacturers of highly reliable products with only a relatively short period of time available for internal life testing. In particular, it may be difficult to determine optimal burn‐in parameters and characterize the residual life distribution. A promising alternative is to use data on a quality characteristic (QC) whose degradation over time can be related to product failure. Typically, product failure corresponds to the first passage time of the degradation path beyond a critical value. If degradation paths can be modeled properly, one can predict failure time and determine the life distribution without actually observing failures. In this paper, we first use a Wiener process to describe the continuous degradation path of the quality characteristic of the product. A Wiener process allows nonconstant variance and nonzero correlation among data collected at different time points. We propose a decision rule for classifying a unit as normal or weak, and give an economic model for determining the optimal termination time and other parameters of a burn‐in test. Next, we propose a method for assessing the product's lifetime distribution of the passed units. The proposed methodologies are all based only on the product's initial observed degradation data. Finally, an example of an electronic product, namely contact image scanner (CIS), is used to illustrate the proposed procedure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

月球轨道超长波天文观测微卫星在轨数据预处理方法

围绕“嫦娥4号”月球轨道超长波天文观测微卫星展开研究，针对微纳卫星对地数传资源的限制，提出一种在轨信号预处理方法：通过10通道数字下变频链路实现原始数据的变频接收，再利用多级滤波器抽取获得低采样率基带数据，下变频本振频率可调，在对地数传资源约束下保证了不同频带数据的灵活选取。以上方法实现了一种10频点超窄带梳状滤波，仿真验证表明，采样率80 MSPS基带带宽为1 kHz的情况下，此方法可在现场可编程门阵列平台上稳定运行，能保证带内平坦度和线性相位等关键技术指标, 数据量与直接下传原始数据相比，降低了3个数量级以上。     

基于压阻敏感元件的压力信号调理电路设计

针对压力信号测量中压阻式敏感元件的压力信号易受温度影响,并且压力信号中常常会混有噪声干扰信号的问题,设计了一种新的基于压阻式敏感元件的压力信号调理电路。该方案采用恒流源供电方式消除温度影响,通过放大电路将传感器输出的微弱信号放大,再经抗混叠低通滤波电路滤除干扰信号;并对压力信号调理电路中各个模块进行了理论分析和试验验证。通过试验表明:该信号调理电路将温度影响减小到0.01%,并且能够有效地滤除压力信号中的高频信号。     

Estimating failure time distribution and its parameters based on intermediate data from a Wiener degradation model

Instead of measuring a Wiener degradation or performance process at predetermined time points to track degradation or performance of a product for estimating its lifetime, we propose to obtain the first‐passage times of the process over certain nonfailure thresholds. Based on only these intermediate data, we obtain the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator and uniformly most accurate confidence interval for the mean lifetime. For estimating the lifetime distribution function, we propose a modified maximum likelihood estimator and a new estimator and prove that, by increasing the sample size of the intermediate data, these estimators and the above‐mentioned estimator of the mean lifetime can achieve the same levels of accuracy as the estimators assuming one has failure times. Thus, our method of using only intermediate data is useful for highly reliable products when their failure times are difficult to obtain. Furthermore, we show that the proposed new estimator of the lifetime distribution function is more accurate than the standard and modified maximum likelihood estimators. We also obtain approximate confidence intervals for the lifetime distribution function and its percentiles. Finally, we use light‐emitting diodes as an example to illustrate our method and demonstrate how to validate the Wiener assumption during the testing. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

一种模糊自适应INS/GPS组合导航方法

提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的自适应卡尔曼滤波新算法,即基于滤波数据残差构造一种模糊算法,以自适应控制卡尔曼滤波器的增益系数。从而可以消除异常的测量数据带来的影响,使滤波器的残差始终保持零均值,且使估计误差的协方差阵收敛,最终实现最优估计。通过对INS/GPS组合导航系统的计算机仿真结果表明,该算法具有比常规卡尔曼滤波算法更高的导航精度。     

高隔离度干涉截止滤光片的设计与制备

根据光通讯无源器件和激光探测仪器对光学薄膜的特殊需求,采用解析法和自动优化法综合设计了高隔离度的干涉截止滤光片,分析了膜厚改变2%对设计膜系的透过率曲线的影响,通过莱宝APS1104镀膜机对所设计的膜系进行了实际镀制,获得了性能优良的高隔离度截止滤光片.